A randomized controlled trial
Click here to access the full reviewPeter Munk Cardiac Centre, UHN & Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto
Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto
Toronto General Hospital, UHN
Toronto General Hospital, UHN
The total number of exclusions displayed here is not equal to the actual total number of participants not meeting the inclusion criteria (displayed in the CONSORT diagram), as some participants had multiple reasons for exlcusion.
| Characteristic | High Flow nasal oxygen, N = 641 | Face mask oxygen, N = 651 |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 67 (14) | 70 (13) |
| Gender | ||
| Female | 19 (30%) | 17 (26%) |
| Male | 45 (70%) | 47 (72%) |
| Prefer not to say | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.5%) |
| Other | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Smoking history | ||
| Never | 23 (36%) | 25 (38%) |
| Current | 7 (11%) | 7 (11%) |
| Past | 34 (53%) | 33 (51%) |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 17 (27%) | 18 (28%) |
| Uses CPAP | 9 (14%) | 12 (18%) |
| Admission source | ||
| Ward | 17 (27%) | 18 (28%) |
| Day surgery | 45 (70%) | 44 (68%) |
| CVICU | 2 (3.1%) | 3 (4.6%) |
| CICU | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| ASA classification status | ||
| I | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| II | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| III | 21 (33%) | 16 (25%) |
| IV | 43 (67%) | 49 (75%) |
| Procedure | ||
| PPM | 11 (17%) | 17 (26%) |
| PPM generator change | 6 (9.4%) | 7 (11%) |
| PPM lead revision | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.5%) |
| ICD | 19 (30%) | 13 (20%) |
| ICD generator change | 10 (16%) | 13 (20%) |
| ICD lead revision | 2 (3.1%) | 0 (0%) |
| CRT-D | 11 (17%) | 11 (17%) |
| CRT-P | 2 (3.1%) | 2 (3.1%) |
| Wound revision | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Other | 3 (4.7%) | 1 (1.5%) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 4.46 (2.14) | 5.15 (2.51) |
| Total dose of midazolam (mg) | 1.58 (0.84) | 1.45 (0.71) |
| Total dose of propofol (mg) | 100 (126) | 88 (104) |
| Total dose of fentanyl (mcg) | 71 (28) | 76 (56) |
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Statistics presented: mean (SD); n (%)
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Dotted lines display the time where 50% and 75% and 90% of procedures were completed
The average difference (95% credible intervals) in peak TcCO2 between groups was 0.0mmHg (-1.3, 1.4).
The average difference (95% credible intervals) in mean TcCO2 between groups was -0.1mmHg (-1.3, 1.1).
The treatment effect (95% credible intervals) was 0.2 (-0.5, 0.8).
The treatment effect (95% credible intervals) was -1.1 (-1.9, -0.2).
The treatment effect (95% credible intervals) was -2.1 (-3.0, -1.1).
The treatment effect (95% credible intervals) was 0.0 (-0.3, 0.2).
The Sentec VSign 2 sensor location (forehead) was chosen to optimise the accuracy of TcCo2 measurement, as this was the primary outcome for this study. As such, the SpO2 measurements were unreliable for some participants.